(Seychelles News Agency) Seychelles exported 4,819.5 kg of shark fins in 2022 and most of the fins are generated in bycatch of semi-industrial fishing, said a top fisheries official.

(AFP) - Nearly two-thirds of the sharks and rays that live among the world's corals are threatened with extinction, according to new research published Tuesday, with a warning this could further imperil precious reefs.

Coral reefs, which harbour at least a quarter of all marine animals and plants, are gravely menaced by an array of human threats, including overfishing, pollution and climate change.

Shark and ray species -- from apex predators to filter feeders -- play an important role in these delicate ecosystems that "cannot be filled by other species", said Samantha Sherman, of Simon Fraser University in Canada and the wildlife group TRAFFIC International.

But they are under grave threat globally, according to the study in the journal Nature Communications, which assessed extinction vulnerability data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to look at 134 species of sharks and rays linked to reefs.

The authors found 59 per cent of coral reef shark and ray species are threatened with extinction, an extinction risk almost double that of sharks and rays in general.

Among these, five shark species are listed as critically endangered, as well as nine ray species -- all so-called "rhino rays" that look more like sharks than stingrays.

- Keeping reefs healthier -

"It was a bit surprising just how high the threat level is for these species," Sherman told AFP.

"Many species that we thought of as common are declining at alarming rates and becoming more difficult to find in some places."

Sherman said the biggest threat to these species by far is overfishing.

Sharks are under most threat in the Western Atlantic and parts of the Indian Ocean, whereas the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia are the highest risks for rays.

These regions are heavily fished and do not currently have management in place to reduce the impact on these species, said Sherman.

Last year countries at a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species summit approved a plan to protect dozens of shark and ray species, adding 21 coral reef species in addition to the 18 species already covered by the regulations.

Sherman said this was "a step in the right direction", but added that a global effort was needed to improve implementation, while the regulations themselves do not stop these species being killed as "bycatch".

She added that the study showed greater risks to rays on coral reefs, but that they enjoy fewer protections.

"The solutions are similar for both sharks and rays -- limits on fishing, well placed and properly implemented Marine Protected Areas, and alternative livelihood solutions to reduce the number of fishers on coral reefs," Sherman said.

Coral reef fisheries directly support the livelihoods and food security of over half a billion people, but this crucial ecosystem is facing an existential threat by overexploitation and global heating.

Human-driven climate change has spurred mass coral bleaching as the world's oceans get warmer.

Modelling research has shown that even if the Paris climate goal of holding global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius is reached, 99 percent of the world's coral reefs will not be able to recover.

At two degrees of warming, the number rose to 100 percent.

"We know coral reef health is declining, largely due to climate change, however, coral reef sharks and rays can help keep reefs healthier for longer," said Sherman.

The study was carried out by an international team of experts from universities, government and regional oceanic and fishery organisations as well as non-governmental organisations across the world.

© Agence France-Presse

(Seychelles News Agency 16.1.23) In 2022, Nature Seychelles outplanted 4,000 coral fragments, grown in 4 underwater nurseries in the Cousin Island Special Reserve Marine Protected Area (MPA), according to the environmental NGO.

The Saya de Malha vessel made its return to Port Victoria yesterday after a 10-day expedition of the first FAD clean-up exercise in Seychelles which has been described a success.

(Seychelles Nation 23.9.2022) Effective October 1, 2022 any person who contravenes the Fisheries (Mahé Plateau Trap and Line Fishery) Regulations, 2021, under the Fisheries ACT (Act 20 of 2014) will be committing an offence and if found guilty, will be fined up to R20,000.

(BBC News) A fifth effort to pass a global agreement to protect the world's oceans and marine life has failed. Talks to pass the UN High Seas Treaty had been ongoing for two weeks in New York, but governments could not agree on the terms.

(Seychelles Nation) The Roche Caiman Fishermen Association has said it opts to remain in its current location at the entrance of Eden Island for now, and wants to co-exist with the luxurious residential marina, built on reclaimed land.

• The CMA CGM Group is continuing with its worldwide Reef Recovery program.
• Five coral nurseries in Australia, Florida, the Philippines, and Seychelles.
• CMA CGM, committed to the environment and our oceans.

While we've known for a while that oxybenzone, an ingredient in sunscreen, can damage and kill coral reefs, the exact mechanism was unknown. A study in Science has now found that oxybenzone only kills sea anemones and mushroom corals when they’re exposed to sunlight. When the corals are exposed to both oxybenzone and UV light, they metabolize the chemical in a way that turns it into a "potent photosensitizer." This causes damaging radicals to form, which are toxic to the animals. It was also found that the coral’s symbiotic algae absorb the toxins produced by the metabolized oxybenzone and protects the coral. This means that corals that are already bleached and therefore lack the algae, may be even more vulnerable to sunscreen damage. Read more: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn2600

Australian researchers have located what is believed to be the largest plant on Earth—and they estimate it's at least 4,500 years old stretching across 180 km. The discovery of the single plant or "clone" of the seagrass Posidonia australis blew people away. The researchers sampled seagrass shoots from across Shark Bay's variable environments and generated a "fingerprint" using 18,000 genetic markers. Just one plant has expanded over 180km in Shark Bay, making it the largest known plant on Earth. The existing 200 km2 of ribbon weed meadows appear to have expanded from a single, colonizing seedling. Read more: Largest plant on Earth is 4,500 years old: A 180 km seagrass field found to be one immense clonal plant